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sham

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noun

sham

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verb

Synonym Chooser

How is the word sham different from other nouns like it?

Some common synonyms of sham are counterfeit, fake, fraud, humbug, and imposture. While all these words mean "a thing made to seem other than it is," sham applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action.

condemned the election as a sham

Where would counterfeit be a reasonable alternative to sham?

In some situations, the words counterfeit and sham are roughly equivalent. However, counterfeit applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable.

20-dollar bills that were counterfeits

When could fake be used to replace sham?

The meanings of fake and sham largely overlap; however, fake implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty.

these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault

In what contexts can fraud take the place of sham?

While the synonyms fraud and sham are close in meaning, fraud usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth.

the diary was exposed as a fraud

When is it sensible to use humbug instead of sham?

Although the words humbug and sham have much in common, humbug suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent.

creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public

When might imposture be a better fit than sham?

The words imposture and sham can be used in similar contexts, but imposture applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine.

their claim of environmental concern is an imposture

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of sham
Adjective
Prosecutors said restaurant owners and others bribed Feeding Our Future employees to get the organization to sponsor sham distribution sites. Thao Nguyen, USA TODAY, 20 Mar. 2025 Up until days ago, the ICRC had been the only lifeline for these political prisoners, whose sham trial began two months ago. Mark Davis, Newsweek, 14 Mar. 2025
Noun
Six elections since have been widely dismissed as shams that concealed rising discontent. Nataliya Vasilyeva, New York Times, 25 Jan. 2025 Crisp white bedding with a vibrant yellow border and matching shams contrast the cool aquatic blues of a beachy bedroom. Leanne Potts, Better Homes & Gardens, 10 Jan. 2025 See All Example Sentences for sham
Recent Examples of Synonyms for sham
Adjective
  • Roughly 1,600 square feet includes just one bedroom—a primary suite with a faux living wall and access to a wraparound balcony—but the open-plan great room comes with a handy Murphy bed for guests.
    Wendy Bowman, Robb Report, 10 Apr. 2025
  • Leather or faux leather are both common suspects for luxury crossbody phone bags, but there are also alternatives made with recycled, easy-to-clean nylon, suede, canvas, and beyond.
    Stacia Datskovska, Footwear News, 10 Apr. 2025
Adjective
  • In Asia, a shadow trade war has long been fought in China over intellectual property—mainly counterfeit goods like putting a Blackhawks logo on an unauthorized cap.
    Brendan Coffey, Sportico.com, 4 Apr. 2025
  • Image Beware of counterfeit eclipse glasses and solar viewers.
    Katrina Miller, New York Times, 28 Mar. 2025
Adjective
  • Without further ado, here is the sixth iteration of mock drafts, with this being the mock draft just before the final one, which will be put out on the day of the draft.
    Nicholas Creel, MSNBC Newsweek, 18 Apr. 2025
  • Here’s our latest projections, in the Star-Telegram’s mock draft 2.0: FIRST ROUND 1.
    Nick Harris, Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 18 Apr. 2025
Noun
  • Imagination was key to the films that Hess made after Napoleon Dynamite: the soulful Nacho Libre, in which Jack Black as a novice monk and Lucha Libre fan gave a fully rounded characterization, and the ingenious fantasy-fiction parody Gentlemen Broncos.
    Armond White, National Review, 16 Apr. 2025
  • The joke came in an SNL parody of The White Lotus, which stars Wood.
    Josh Hammer, MSNBC Newsweek, 15 Apr. 2025
Noun
  • This is not a hoax, this is a group of concerned citizens.
    Gordon G. Chang, MSNBC Newsweek, 7 Apr. 2025
  • When an apparent white supremacist bomb threat was called (later determined to be a hoax), police officers instructed protesters to exit the building.
    Miranda Jeyaretnam, Time, 27 Mar. 2025
Noun
  • The panel also agreed Way acted with malice, oppression or fraud, and awarded her another $250,000 in punitive damages.
    Nancy Dillon, Rolling Stone, 10 Apr. 2025
  • President Donald Trump and Department of Government Efficiency head Elon Musk have both alleged widespread fraud within the SSA.
    Raja Krishnamoorthi, MSNBC Newsweek, 9 Apr. 2025
Verb
  • Read: America is done pretending about meat All of this social-media attention has been translating into people’s actual eating habits, Victoria Fitzgerald, who oversees Whole Foods Market’s meat merchandising, told me.
    Valerie Trapp, The Atlantic, 17 Apr. 2025
  • One such channel, Truthful Mykolaiv, pretends to be local but pushes Kremlin narratives.
    Thomas G. Moukawsher, MSNBC Newsweek, 14 Apr. 2025
Adjective
  • Expect more fake eggs made of colored marshmallows or even potatoes on this year’s Easter spread With egg prices stubbornly high, the internet has offered up a host of alternatives, with crafters painting rocks and influencers dyeing everything from marshmallows to potatoes.
    William Lambers, Hartford Courant, 18 Apr. 2025
  • Fooling the government about your fake relationship is one thing, but fooling your family is a whole other challenge of its own.
    Toubee Yang, Them., 18 Apr. 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Sham.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/sham. Accessed 22 Apr. 2025.

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