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Synonym Chooser

How does the adjective willful differ from other similar words?

Some common synonyms of willful are headstrong, intractable, recalcitrant, refractory, ungovernable, and unruly. While all these words mean "not submissive to government or control," willful implies an obstinate determination to have one's own way.

a willful disregard for the rights of others

When can headstrong be used instead of willful?

Although the words headstrong and willful have much in common, headstrong suggests self-will impatient of restraint, advice, or suggestion.

a headstrong young cavalry officer

When would intractable be a good substitute for willful?

The words intractable and willful are synonyms, but do differ in nuance. Specifically, intractable suggests stubborn resistance to guidance or control.

intractable opponents of the hazardous-waste dump

When is recalcitrant a more appropriate choice than willful?

While in some cases nearly identical to willful, recalcitrant suggests determined resistance to or defiance of authority.

acts of sabotage by a recalcitrant populace

Where would refractory be a reasonable alternative to willful?

While the synonyms refractory and willful are close in meaning, refractory stresses resistance to attempts to manage or to mold.

special schools for refractory children

When is it sensible to use ungovernable instead of willful?

The synonyms ungovernable and willful are sometimes interchangeable, but ungovernable implies either an escape from control or guidance or a state of being unsubdued and incapable of controlling oneself or being controlled by others.

ungovernable rage

When might unruly be a better fit than willful?

In some situations, the words unruly and willful are roughly equivalent. However, unruly implies lack of discipline or incapacity for discipline and often connotes waywardness or turbulence of behavior.

unruly children

Example Sentences

Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Recent Examples of willful But the appeals court found that Cox was guilty of willful contributory infringement and ordered a new damages trial. ArsTechnica, 30 June 2025 Court records show Rahman pleaded guilty Jan. 17 to two counts of willful retention and transmission of classified national defense information. Quinlan Bentley, The Enquirer, 2 July 2025 Alsup ordered a trial in December to determine damages, which can reach up to $150,000 per case of willful copyright infringement. Lauren Harvey, Los Angeles Times, 25 June 2025 His posts from the weekend illustrate this willful blindness yet again. Andrew C. McCarthy, National Review, 16 June 2025 See All Example Sentences for willful
Recent Examples of Synonyms for willful
Adjective
  • The chancellor is caught between febrile bond markets worried about government debt levels across advanced economies and rebellious Labour lawmakers who recently forced the government to pull back on reforms to welfare spending.
    Emma Burleigh, Fortune, 22 July 2025
  • Once Audrey Hepburn was seen in a pair of the prototypical capri pants, everyone wanted to own them, and de Lennart’s hero product was later donned by the likes of Marilyn Monroe and Elizabeth Taylor: appreciated for its originally rebellious intentions and modern-woman appeal.
    Stacia Datskovska, Footwear News, 21 July 2025
Adjective
  • Owners are increasingly savvy about distinguishing between controllable and uncontrollable costs.
    Tyler Christiansen, Forbes.com, 18 July 2025
  • After doing so, Haley couldn't contain herself and broke out in uncontrollable laughter.
    Michael Nied, People.com, 11 July 2025
Adjective
  • As the day goes on, Jim goes from a caricature of an arrogant male director to an oddly compelling picture of a pathetic man, moved by spite toward his ex-wife, Anita.
    Rafaela Bassili, Vulture, 10 July 2025
  • Actor Tyler Hilton played Chris Keller, a charming but arrogant musician, on four seasons of the teen soap.
    Bryan West, The Tennessean, 2 July 2025
Adjective
  • Choosing to slow decision-making processes and make deliberate moves can seem radical in a competitive business market, but this investment over time can result in significant changes with lasting effects.
    Expert Panel®, Forbes.com, 23 July 2025
  • While clutter implies disorganization or neglect, the messy girl look is a deliberate embrace of imperfection that still feels cozy and intentional.
    Elizabeth Fogarty, Better Homes & Gardens, 22 July 2025
Adjective
  • But earth sign parents can also lean toward being stubborn and strict, which may cause friction during a stand off or while navigating discipline or tough conversations.
    Kara Nesvig, Parents, 15 July 2025
  • If using for very stubborn stains, use Oxy Bleach powder, which will be gentler and less destructive.
    Daley Quinn, Southern Living, 14 July 2025
Adjective
  • On Monday, asked about the poll proposal at an unrelated event, Adams was defiant.
    Oren Oppenheim, ABC News, 14 July 2025
  • Trump's defiant response in Butler, Penn., may have fueled his big Election Day gains among male voters.
    Susan Page, USA Today, 11 July 2025
Adjective
  • No one said the ’05 team wasn’t an opinionated bunch.
    Paul Sullivan, Chicago Tribune, 13 July 2025
  • Rhea Perlman and Rita Wilson appear as Jess’ highly opinionated, codependent mother and grandmother.
    Elaina Patton, IndieWire, 8 July 2025
Adjective
  • There are no longer arbitrary divisions in which people say that different functions aren’t their job or concern.
    Megan Poinski, Forbes.com, 14 July 2025
  • Marylanders deserve a civil justice system that recognizes the full scope of human suffering and empowers citizen juries to render verdicts based on evidence rather than arbitrary limitations.
    Bruce M. Plaxen, Baltimore Sun, 12 July 2025

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Cite this Entry

“Willful.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/willful. Accessed 29 Jul. 2025.

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