abstraction

noun

ab·​strac·​tion ab-ˈstrak-shən How to pronounce abstraction (audio)
əb-
1
a
: the act or process of abstracting : the state of being abstracted
b
: an abstract idea or term
2
: absence of mind or preoccupation
3
: abstract quality or character
4
a
: an abstract composition or creation in art
abstractional adjective
abstractive
ab-ˈstrak-tiv How to pronounce abstraction (audio)
ˈab-ˌstrak-
adjective

Did you know?

From its roots, abstraction should mean basically "something pulled or drawn away". So abstract art is art that has moved away from painting objects of the ordinary physical world in order to show something beyond it. Theories are often abstractions; so a theory about economics, for instance, may "pull back" to take a broad view that somehow explains all of economics (but maybe doesn't end up explaining any of it very successfully). An abstract of a medical or scientific article is a one-paragraph summary of its contents—that is, the basic findings "pulled out" of the article.

Examples of abstraction in a Sentence

abstraction of data from hospital records “Beauty” and “truth” are abstractions. She gazed out the window in abstraction.
Recent Examples on the Web
Examples are automatically compiled from online sources to show current usage. Read More Opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
Yet what was positioned as a secondary issue—a mere abstraction, warranting just a brief mention—led to catastrophic consequences for millions of children, and their families. David Zweig, The Atlantic, 17 Apr. 2025 Economic impacts These moves are not just an abstraction of financial markets but can have real economic impact. Jesse Pound, CNBC, 12 Apr. 2025 Get clear on what behaviors will move that wisdom out of abstraction and into action. Colin Bedell, Them., 11 Apr. 2025 Daube’s abstract art highlights the power of abstraction in large format utilizing powdered pigments, gold leaf foil and numerous paint mediums. Dawn Giangiulio, San Diego Union-Tribune, 5 Apr. 2025 See All Example Sentences for abstraction

Word History

Etymology

borrowed from Middle French & Late Latin; Middle French, "abduction (of a woman), removal, extraction (of a foreign body from a wound), (in philosophy) process by which the mind is able to form universal representations of the properties of distinct objects," borrowed from Late Latin abstractiōn-, abstractiō, from Latin abstrac- (variant stem of abstrahere "to remove forcibly") + -tiōn-, -tiō, suffix of action nouns — more at abstract entry 1

First Known Use

15th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a

Time Traveler
The first known use of abstraction was in the 15th century

Cite this Entry

“Abstraction.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/abstraction. Accessed 22 Apr. 2025.

Kids Definition

abstraction

noun
ab·​strac·​tion ab-ˈstrak-shən How to pronounce abstraction (audio)
1
a
: the act or process of abstracting : the state of being abstracted
b
: an abstract idea or term
2
: an artistic composition or creation having designs that do not represent actual objects
abstractive adjective

More from Merriam-Webster on abstraction

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